간염(hepatitis) (Eng/Kor) for NCLEX

Hepatitis

English Definition

Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, usually caused by viruses (A, B, C, D, E), alcohol, toxins, or autoimmune conditions.

Korean Definition (한국어 정의)

**간염(hepatitis)**은 바이러스(A, B, C, D, E형), 알코올, 약물 독성, 자가면역 등으로 인해 발생하는 간의 염증입니다.

 

 Main Symptoms (주요 증상)

• Fatigue (피로)
• Loss of appetite (식욕 감소)
• Nausea/vomiting (메스꺼움, 구토)
• Abdominal pain, RUQ pain (우상복부 통증)
• Dark urine (짙은 소변)
• Clay-colored stool (회색 대변)
• Jaundice (황달)
• Fever (발열) — mostly in Hepatitis A

 

Types of Viral Hepatitis (간염 종류)

Hepatitis A

• Fecal–oral route
• Acute only
• Vaccine available

Korean:
A형 간염 — 분변-경구 감염, 급성만, 예방접종 가능

Hepatitis B

• Blood, sexual contact, perinatal
• Chronic possible
• Vaccine available

Korean:
B형 간염 — 혈액, 성접촉, 수직감염, 만성 진행 가능, 백신 있음

Hepatitis C

• Blood-borne
• Often chronic
• No vaccine
• Curable with antiviral medications

Korean:
C형 간염 — 혈액전파, 만성화 흔함, 백신 없음, 항바이러스제로 치료 가능

Hepatitis D

• Needs HBV to replicate
• Occurs only with Hepatitis B

Korean:
D형 간염 — B형 간염이 있어야 감염 가능

Hepatitis E

• Fecal–oral (water contamination)
• Dangerous in pregnancy (3rd trimester)

Korean:
E형 간염 — 오염된 물로 전파, 임신 후기 위험↑

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Treatment (치료)

Hepatitis A & E

• Supportive care (수액, 휴식)
• No specific antiviral

Hepatitis B

• Antivirals (e.g., tenofovir, entecavir)
• Monitor liver function

Hepatitis C

• Direct Acting Antivirals (DAA): curative
  • Sofosbuvir-based regimens

 Nursing Considerations (간호)

• Monitor LFTs (AST, ALT, bilirubin)
• Avoid alcohol & hepatotoxic drugs (acetaminophen high dose)
• Promote rest
• Encourage small, frequent meals
• Teach transmission precautions (depending on type)