Myocardial Infarction (MI / Heart Attack) 심근경색

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Section	English	한국어
What is it? (정의)	A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a clot in a coronary artery. Without oxygen, part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.	심근경색은 관상동맥이 혈전에 의해 막혀 심장근육에 혈류가 공급되지 않을 때 발생합니다. 산소가 차단되면 심장근육 일부가 손상되거나 괴사합니다.
Key Signs & Symptoms (주요 증상)	• Chest pain/pressure (often radiates to left arm, jaw, neck, back) • Shortness of breath • Nausea, vomiting • Sweating, cold clammy skin • Fatigue, anxiety, impending doom feeling	• 가슴 통증·압박감 (왼쪽 팔, 턱, 목, 등으로 방사) • 호흡곤란 • 구역·구토 • 식은땀, 차갑고 축축한 피부 • 피로, 불안, 죽을 것 같은 느낌
Safety Concerns (안전 유의점)	• Medical emergency – call 911 immediately • Monitor vital signs closely • Risk of cardiac arrest • Do not let patient exert themselves	• 응급상황 – 즉시 119 연락 • 활력징후 면밀히 관찰 • 심정지 위험 ↑ • 환자에게 무리 금지
Tests / Treatments Ordered (검사/치료)	• ECG (check heart rhythm) • Blood tests (cardiac enzymes – troponin, CK-MB) • Chest X-ray • Coronary angiography Emergency treatment: • Oxygen, IV access, ECG monitoring	• 심전도 검사 • 혈액검사 (심근효소: 트로포닌, CK-MB) • 흉부 X선 • 관상동맥 조영술 응급치료: • 산소, IV 확보, 심전도 모니터링
Common Treatments (일반적 치료)	• Medications: – Aspirin (prevent clot growth) – Nitroglycerin (open vessels, reduce chest pain) – Beta blockers (reduce heart workload) – Statins (lower cholesterol) • Procedures: – Angioplasty with stent – Bypass surgery (CABG) • Lifestyle: – Quit smoking, healthy diet, exercise, stress management	• 약물치료: – 아스피린 (혈전 악화 방지) – 니트로글리세린 (혈관 확장, 흉통 완화) – 베타차단제 (심장 부담 감소) – 스타틴 (콜레스테롤 조절) • 시술: – 풍선확장술 + 스텐트 – 관상동맥 우회술 (CABG) • 생활습관: – 금연, 건강식, 운동, 스트레스 관리

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quick Memory Tip (암기 팁):

• MI = Heart Muscle Death (심장근육 괴사)
  
  
• Classic sign = chest pain/pressure + radiation
  
  
• MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin) for emergency care

 

 

 

 

 

 

 Myocardial Infarction (MI / Heart Attack)

What is the disease?

• A heart attack happens when blood flow to the heart muscle is blocked (usually by a blood clot in a coronary artery).
  
  
• Without oxygen, part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies.
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

Key Signs & Symptoms

• Chest pain/pressure (may spread to left arm, jaw, neck, or back)
  
  
• Shortness of breath
  
  
• Nausea, vomiting
  
  
• Sweating, cold clammy skin
  
  
• Fatigue, anxiety, feeling of impending doom
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

What do I need to know to be safe?

• Medical emergency – call 911 right away
  
  
• Patient is at risk of sudden cardiac arrest
  
  
• Monitor vital signs closely
  
  
• Do not allow the patient to exert themselves
  
  
• Keep oxygen, IV access, and defibrillator available if in hospital
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Tests / Treatments Ordered

• Tests:
  
  
• Emergency Treatment:
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

Common Treatments

• Medications:
  
  
• Procedures:
  
  
• Lifestyle changes:
  
  

 

 

 

 

Quick Memory Tip:

• MI = “Heart muscle death” due to blocked artery
  
  
• Classic sign = chest pain/pressure that radiates
  
  

Emergency acronym: MONA (Morphine, Oxygen, Nitroglycerin, Aspirin)