UTI, urinary retention, Acute & Chronic Renal Failure, BPH 요로감염,요폐,급성 신부전,만성 신부전,양성 전립선 비대증

 

 

 

Urinary & Kidney Conditions Table | 비뇨기 및 신장 질환 요약 표

Category	Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) 요로감염	Urinary Retention 요폐	Acute Renal Failure 급성 신부전	Chronic Renal Failure 만성 신부전	Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) 양성 전립선 비대증
Definition 정의	Infection in urinary system (bladder, urethra, kidneys). 요로(방광, 요도, 신장)에 생긴 감염	Inability to fully empty bladder. 방광을 완전히 비우지 못하는 상태	Sudden loss of kidney function. 신장이 갑자기 기능을 잃는 상태	Gradual decline in kidney function. 신장 기능이 서서히 저하되는 상태	Non-cancerous enlargement of prostate. 전립선이 비암성으로 커지는 질환
Symptoms 증상	- Burning when urinating - Frequent urge - Cloudy/smelly urine 배뇨 시 통증, 잦은 소변, 탁하거나 냄새나는 소변	- Difficulty starting urination - Weak stream - Full bladder feeling 배뇨 시작 어려움, 약한 소변 줄기, 방광 팽창 느낌	- Fatigue - Swelling - Confusion 피로, 부종, 혼란	- Itchy skin - Swelling - Nausea 가려움, 부종, 메스꺼움	- Frequent urination - Weak stream - Dribbling 잦은 배뇨, 약한 소변 줄기, 소변 흘림
Safety Tips 안전 수칙	- Stay hydrated - Wipe front to back - Urinate after sex 수분 섭취, 앞에서 뒤로 닦기, 성관계 후 배뇨	- Seek help if unable to urinate - Avoid meds that worsen retention 배뇨 불가 시 즉시 병원 방문, 요폐 유발 약물 피하기	- Monitor urine output - Avoid nephrotoxic drugs 소변량 확인, 신장 독성 약물 피하기	- Control blood pressure & diabetes - Regular kidney tests 혈압/당뇨 조절, 정기적인 신장 검사	- Limit caffeine/alcohol - Monitor symptoms 카페인/알코올 제한, 증상 관찰
Tests 검사	- Urinalysis - Urine culture 소변 검사, 배양 검사	- Bladder scan - Post-void residual test 방광 초음파, 잔뇨량 검사	- Blood tests (creatinine, BUN) - Urine output 혈액 검사, 소변량 확인	- eGFR blood test - Urine albumin test 사구체 여과율, 소변 단백 검사	- PSA test - Ultrasound PSA 검사, 초음파
Treatments 치료	- Antibiotics - Pain relief 항생제, 진통제	- Catheterization - Treat underlying cause 도뇨관 삽입, 원인 치료	- IV fluids - Dialysis (if severe) 수액, 투석 (심한 경우)	- Medications - Dialysis or transplant (advanced) 약물, 투석 또는 이식	- Alpha-blockers - Surgery (TURP) 알파차단제, 수술 (TURP)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)

What is it?

• Infection in the urinary system (bladder, urethra, or kidneys).
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Burning or pain when urinating
  
  
• Frequent urge to pee, but little comes out
  
  
• Cloudy or foul-smelling urine
  
  
• Fever/chills (if infection spreads to kidneys)
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Drink fluids (unless restricted)
  
  
• Wipe front to back
  
  
• Finish all antibiotics prescribed
  
  
• Report fever, flank pain, or worsening symptoms
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Urine test (urinalysis, culture)
  
  
• Antibiotics
  
  
• Pain relief meds (phenazopyridine sometimes)
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Urinary Retention

What is it?

• Can’t empty the bladder fully (acute = sudden, chronic = ongoing).
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Strong urge but can’t pee
  
  
• Pain or pressure in lower belly
  
  
• Weak urine stream, dribbling
  
  
• Swelling in lower abdomen
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Untreated, it can damage kidneys
  
  
• May require catheter insertion
  
  
• Report pain, inability to urinate, or fever
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Bladder scan (ultrasound)
  
  
• Catheter to drain urine
  
  
• Urinalysis (rule out infection)
  
  
• Treat underlying cause (prostate, meds, nerve problem)
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Acute & Chronic Renal Failure (Kidney Failure)

What is it?

• Acute Renal Failure (AKI): Sudden drop in kidney function.
  
  
• Chronic Renal Failure (CKD): Gradual, permanent loss of kidney function.
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Swelling in legs/ankles
  
  
• Fatigue, weakness
  
  
• Little to no urine (AKI) OR gradual changes (CKD)
  
  
• Nausea, confusion, itching (waste buildup)
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Strictly follow fluid & diet restrictions (low salt, low potassium, low protein sometimes)
  
  
• Watch blood pressure & blood sugar (main causes of CKD)
  
  
• Avoid NSAIDs (ibuprofen, naproxen) – harmful to kidneys
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Blood tests (BUN, creatinine, electrolytes)
  
  
• Urinalysis
  
  
• Ultrasound (kidneys)
  
  
• Dialysis (if kidneys fail badly)
  
  

Common Treatments:

• Control blood pressure & diabetes
  
  
• Meds for anemia, bone health
  
  
• Dialysis (hemodialysis or peritoneal)
  
  
• Kidney transplant (CKD end-stage)
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

4. Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

What is it?

• Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland (common in older men).
  
  
• Can press on the urethra → makes it hard to pee.
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Frequent urination, especially at night
  
  
• Weak stream, dribbling
  
  
• Difficulty starting urination
  
  
• Feeling bladder isn’t fully empty
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Untreated BPH can cause urinary retention or kidney damage
  
  
• Avoid excess caffeine & alcohol (worsens symptoms)
  
  
• Take meds as prescribed (don’t stop suddenly)
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Digital rectal exam (DRE)
  
  
• PSA blood test (rule out prostate cancer)
  
  
• Bladder scan or ultrasound
  
  
• Urine flow test
  
  

Common Treatments:

• Meds to relax prostate muscle (tamsulosin)
  
  
• Meds to shrink prostate (finasteride)
  
  
• Surgery if severe (TURP, laser procedures)
  
  

 

 In short:

• UTI = infection in urinary tract
  
  
• Retention = can’t empty bladder
  
  
• Renal Failure = kidneys stop working (sudden or long-term)
  
  

BPH = enlarged prostate blocking urine flow