Diabetes (DM1 & DM2) 제1형 당뇨병 , 제2형 당뇨병

 

 

 

Diabetes Overview Table  당뇨병 요약 표

Category	Type 1 Diabetes (DM1) 제1형 당뇨병	Type 2 Diabetes (DM2) 제2형 당뇨병
Definition 정의	Autoimmune disease where the body destroys insulin-producing cells. Usually starts in childhood or adolescence. 면역 체계가 인슐린 생성 세포를 파괴하는 질환. 주로 어린 시절 또는 청소년기에 시작됨	Body doesn’t use insulin properly (insulin resistance). Often linked to lifestyle and develops in adulthood. 인슐린을 제대로 사용하지 못하는 상태. 생활 습관과 관련 있으며 성인기에 발생함
Symptoms 증상	- Sudden weight loss - Extreme thirst - Frequent urination - Fatigue - Blurred vision 급격한 체중 감소, 심한 갈증, 잦은 소변, 피로, 시야 흐림	- Increased thirst & hunger - Frequent urination - Fatigue - Slow-healing wounds - Numbness in hands/feet 갈증 및 식욕 증가, 잦은 소변, 피로, 상처 치유 지연, 손발 저림
Safety Tips 안전 수칙	- Always carry insulin - Monitor blood sugar closely - Prevent diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) 인슐린 항상 휴대, 혈당 수시 확인, 당뇨병성 케톤산증 예방	- Maintain healthy weight - Exercise regularly - Monitor blood sugar and diet 건강한 체중 유지, 규칙적인 운동, 혈당 및 식단 관리
Common Tests 검사	- A1C test - Fasting glucose - C-peptide & antibody tests 당화혈색소 검사, 공복 혈당, C-펩타이드 및 항체 검사	- A1C test - Fasting glucose - Oral glucose tolerance test 당화혈색소 검사, 공복 혈당, 경구 포도당 내성 검사
Treatments 치료	- Daily insulin injections or pump - Carb counting - Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) 매일 인슐린 주사 또는 펌프, 탄수화물 계산, 연속 혈당 측정기 사용	- Lifestyle changes (diet, exercise) - Oral medications - Insulin (if needed) 식습관 및 운동 개선, 경구 약물, 필요 시 인슐린 사용

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1. Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (DM1)

What is it?

• The body’s immune system destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin.
  
  
• No insulin → blood sugar stays high.
  
  
• Usually starts in childhood or young adulthood.
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Excessive thirst (polydipsia)
  
  
• Frequent urination (polyuria)
  
  
• Always hungry (polyphagia)
  
  
• Weight loss despite eating
  
  
• Fatigue, blurry vision
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Needs insulin for life (no oral meds work)
  
  
• Risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) if too much insulin → always carry glucose tabs/juice
  
  
• Watch for diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): fruity breath, nausea, deep breathing, confusion → medical emergency
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Blood sugar checks (fingerstick or continuous monitor)
  
  
• Hemoglobin A1C (average sugar over 3 months)
  
  
• Urine test for ketones (if sugars very high)
  
  

Common Treatments:

• Insulin injections or insulin pump
  
  
• Healthy eating & carb counting
  
  
• Regular exercise
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2. Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2)

What is it?

• The body makes insulin but doesn’t use it well (insulin resistance).
  
  
• Pancreas may eventually make less insulin.
  
  
• Usually in adults, but increasing in kids.
  
  

Key Signs & Symptoms:

• Often mild or no early symptoms
  
  
• Increased thirst, urination, hunger
  
  
• Fatigue, blurred vision
  
  
• Slow-healing cuts, frequent infections
  
  
• Tingling/numbness in hands or feet
  
  

Safety Tips:

• Lifestyle changes are crucial (diet, exercise, weight control)
  
  
• Take meds as prescribed (pills or insulin if needed)
  
  
• Monitor feet daily (risk of ulcers/infection)
  
  
• Control blood pressure & cholesterol (to protect heart and kidneys)
  
  

Tests / Treatments Ordered:

• Fasting blood sugar
  
  
• Oral glucose tolerance test
  
  
• Hemoglobin A1C
  
  
• Kidney function tests
  
  
• Eye exams (retinopathy screening)
  
  

Common Treatments:

• Lifestyle: diet, exercise, weight loss
  
  
• Oral meds (metformin is first-line, others may be added)
  
  
• Insulin (if sugars not controlled with pills)
  
  
• Blood pressure & cholesterol meds for heart protection
  
  

 

 

 

 

 

 Quick Comparison:

• DM1 = no insulin at all, autoimmune, requires insulin for life.
  
  
• DM2 = body resists insulin, may or may not need insulin, lifestyle is key.